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Critical friend
Critical friend has its origins in critical pedagogy education reforms in the 1970s and arose out of the self-appraisal activity which is attributed to Desmond Nuttall.〔Heller, Harold (1988) "The Advisory Service and Consultancy". In Gray, H. (Ed) ''Management Consultancy in Schools'' (1988), London: Cassell〕 One of the most widely used definitions is from 1993,
Andrew Hutchinson, a public sector consultant, introduced the term to the Local Government Consortium at the University of Warwick in 1998 and it is cited in several papers produced by Professor Jean Hartley of the Local Government Consortium. The critical friend is characterised as falling between the extremes of the "hostile witness" and the "uncritical lover"〔Brighouse, T. and Woods, D. (1999) ''How to Improve your School''. London: Routledge〕 whereas earlier texts go so far as to allude to Janus in discussing the concept.〔Bolam, R., Smith, G. and Canter, H. (1978) ''Local Education Authority Advisers and the Mechanisms of Innovations''. Windsor: NFER〕
This dichotomy appealed to Hutchinson who frequently used the term while leader of the South East Midlands Citizen's Charter Quality Network run by the Cabinet Office in Whitehall. In his time running the network he came into regular contact with fellow Lancastrian and Government Minister Peter Kilfoyle MP, Public Service Minister who was responsible for the running of the networks as minister. When Kilfoyle found himself increasingly distanced from the policy agenda of Prime Minister Tony Blair and he chose to resign from Government, Hansard quotes him as saying that he wished to return to the back benches but remain a "critical friend" of the Government.
He was misquoted in the ''Daily Telegraph'' as they claimed that he had said that he wished to be a "candid friend" to Government. It is not unreasonable to suppose that the term critical friend has its origins in the softer sounding notion of the candid friend. Nonetheless following the resignation of Peter Kilfoyle ''The Guardian'' newspaper (a popular publication amongst the intelligentsia and public sector middle management) began to popularise the term which is increasingly entering into general usage. The phrase is still most commonly used in education circles but its wider use in the public sector can to a large part be attributed to Andrew Hutchinson and his natural enthusiasm for the concept, being described as 'a natural critical friend acting with positive intent' in 1999 by the then Chief Executive of Coventry City Council, Iain Roxburgh, who is now Director of the Warwick Research Consortium. While a variety of useful and interesting quotations are to be found on the web () perhaps the reason for the popularity of the phrase is best summed up by the following quotation,
==References==
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